PREJUDICE VS. DISCRIMINATION VS. OPPRESSION
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM WHITE PRIVILEGE WHITE FRAGILITY WHITE SUPREMACY RACE VS. ETHNICITY VS. NATIONALITY COLORBLIND RACISM PERFORMATIVE ACTIVISM CULTURAL APPROPRIATION MICROAGGRESSION |
INTERSECTIONALITY
IMPLICIT BIAS PRIVILEGE REPARATIONS SYSTEMIC VS. SYSTEMATIC THE FOUR DIMENSIONS OF RACISM INTERNALIZED RACISM INTERPERSONAL RACISM OVER VS. UNDER REPRESENTATION IDNETITY / IDENTITIES |
DISCRIMINATION:
Discrimination is the acting out of prejudice. This results in the unequal allocation of goods, resources, and services, and the limitation of access to full participation in society based on individual membership in a particular social group; reinforced by law. policy, and cultural norms that allow for differential treatment on the basis of identity. |
Institutional racism refers specifically to the ways in which institutional policies and practices create different outcomes for different racial groups. The institutional policies may never mention any racial group, but their effect is to create advantages for whites and oppression and disadvantage for people from groups classified as people of color |
Structural White Privilege: A system of white domination that creates and maintains belief systems that make current racial advantages and disadvantages seem normal. The system includes powerful incentives for maintaining white privilege and its consequences, and powerful negative consequences for trying to interrupt white privilege or reduce its consequences in meaningful ways. The system includes internal and external manifestations at the individual, interpersonal, cultural and institutional levels.
The accumulated and interrelated advantages and disadvantages of white privilege that are reflected in racial/ethnic inequities in life-expectancy and other health outcomes, income and wealth and other outcomes, in part through different access to opportunities and resources. These differences are maintained in part by denying that these advantages and disadvantages exist at the structural, institutional, cultural, interpersonal and individual levels and by refusing to redress them or eliminate the systems, policies, practices, cultural norms and other behaviors and assumptions that maintain them. |
Interpersonal White Privilege: Behavior between people that consciously or unconsciously reflects white superiority or entitlement.
Cultural White Privilege: A set of dominant cultural assumptions about what is good, normal or appropriate that reflects Western European white world views and dismisses or demonizes other world views. Institutional White Privilege: Policies, practices and behaviors of institutions -- such as schools, banks, non-profits or the Supreme Court -- that have the effect of maintaining or increasing accumulated advantages for those groups currently defined as white, and maintaining or increasing disadvantages for those racial or ethnic groups not defined as white. The ability of institutions to survive and thrive even when their policies, practices and behaviors maintain, expand or fail to redress accumulated disadvantages and/or inequitable outcomes for people of color. |
Per Robin DiAngelo, white fragility is “a state in which even a minimum amount of racial stress becomes intolerable [for white people], triggering a range of defensive moves. These moves include the outward display of emotions such as anger, fear, and guilt, and behaviors such as argumentation, silence, and leaving the stress-inducing situation. These behaviors, in turn, function to reinstate white racial equilibrium.”
Source: White Fragility, Robin DiAngelo |
RACE
Racial classifications are socially constructed and externally imposed, involuntary, and usually based on physical differences (such as skin color or facial features) or assumed regional origins (such as Africa, Asia, Europe, etc.)
Example: Black, White, 'African American', Pacific Islander Angélica Dass, Brazilian Photographer
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ETHNICITY
Self- or group-motivated communities sharing common or specific ancestry and cultural practices, usually associated to a geographic region or religious affiliation.
Example: Italian, Irish, Pacific Islander is a racial category - Pacific Islander ethnic group would be Samoan. hrzone.com
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NATIONALITY
The status of belonging to a particular nation, or an ethnic group forming a part of one or more political nations.
Example: President Obama was born in the U.S., so his nationality is American. IAB.com
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Why is 'Color-blind Racism' more hurtful than helpful?
When we ignore racial differences, we are allowing those in power to disregard and discredit the history of oppression which has allowed privileged groups to benefit from the historical persecution of minority groups, and undermine the devastating consequences of oppression occurring TODAY. Ignoring racial differences is over simplifying, distorting, and discrediting different cultures by not noticing, observing, and honoring that there are so many differences among us. It is counterproductive to efforts of social reform and social justice to refuse to acknowledge the racial inequality that exists, based on racial differences, and averts attention away from both overt and covert practices which reinforce and reproduce systems of racial oppression. |
How to spot performative allyship:
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States have a legal duty to acknowledge and address widespread or systematic human rights violations, in cases where the state caused the violations or did not seriously try to prevent them. Reparations initiatives seek to address the harms caused by these violations. They can take the form of compensating for the losses suffered, which helps overcome some of the consequences of abuse. They can also be future oriented—providing rehabilitation and a better life to victims—and help to change the underlying causes of abuse. Reparations publicly affirm that victims are rights-holders entitled to redress.
Source: International Center for Transitional Justice |
Internalized racism is the situation that occurs in a racist system when a racial group oppressed by racism supports the supremacy and dominance of the dominating group by maintaining or participating in the set of attitudes, behaviors, social structures and ideologies that undergird the dominating group's power. |
Interpersonal racism occurs between individuals. Once we bring our private beliefs into our interaction with others, racism is now in the interpersonal realm.
Symptoms: Feeling scared and uncomfortable around Black people; Underestimating a Black person’s intelligence and capabilities; Refusing to date Black people due to implicit biases; Using racial slurs when referring to Black people; remaining silent when seeing anti-Blackness take place; Threatening, harassing, and physically assaulting Black people |
vecteezy.com
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Essential aspects of who we are which influence our sense of self including gender, race, ability, socioeconomic status, sexuality, religion, etc., and locate us in the social world, particularly in relation to social systems.
The term 'identity' differs from 'intersectionality' in that our identities simply position us toward systems of both advantage and disadvantage - privilege and power - while 'intersectionality' is referring to compounding marginalization, rooted in our identity/identities. |
"Bail funds operate on a revolving basis since the money is returned once a defendant appears at their court date, meaning that a single donation could potentially contribute to the freedom of multiple people overa vast period of time."
-The Bail Project https://bailproject.org/ |